2.4 Passive And Past Forms of Infinitives And Gerunds

Forms of Passive and Past Infinitives and Gerunds:

		SIMPLE	PAST
Infinitive	ACTIVE	To + V1 (I want to eat)	To have + Past Participle (V3) (The rain seems to have stopped)
Gerund		V.ing (We are not singing old songs)	Having + Past Participle (V3) (I appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the Prince)
InFinitive	PASSIVE	To be + Past Participle (V3) (I dindn’t expect to be invited to your party)	To have been + Past Participle (V3) (Nisa is fortune to have been given a scholarship)
Gerund		Being + Past Participle (V3) (I appreciate being invited to your party)	Having been + Past Participle (V3) (I appreciate having been told the news)

Note: If the main verb is past, the action of the past infinitive or gerund happend before time in the past.

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